means an occurrence that is associated with the operation of an aircraft and takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight and such time as the engine or any propellers or rotors have come to rest and all such persons have disembarked, being an occurrence in which—

• (a)a person is fatally or seriously injured as a result of—
  • (i)being in the aircraft; or
  • (ii)direct contact with any part of the aircraft, including any part that has become detached from the aircraft; or
  • (iii)direct exposure to jet blast—

  except when the injuries are self-inflicted or inflicted by other persons, or when the injuries are to stowaways hiding outside the areas normally available to passengers and crew; or

• (b)the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure which—
  • (i)adversely affects the structural strength, performance, or flight characteristics of the aircraft; and
  • (ii)would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component,

  except engine failure or damage, when the damage is limited to the engine, its cowlings, or accessories; or for damage limited to propellers, wing tips, rotors, antennas, tires, brakes, fairings, small dents, or puncture holes in the aircraft skin; or

• (c)the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible.

means an aircraft operation in which an aircraft is used for specialised services such as agriculture, construction, photography, surveying observation and patrol, search and rescue, aerial advertisement or flying training by aviation training institutions;

means an aircraft (other than a public transport aircraft) flying, or intended by the operator to fly, for the purpose of aerial work;

means an undertaking whose business includes the performance of aerial work;

means manoeuvres intentionally performed by an aircraft involving an abrupt change in its attitude, an abnormal attitude, or an abnormal variation in speed;

means a defined area on land or water (including any building, installation or equipment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft, and “airport” has a corresponding meaning;

means a certificate to operate an aerodrome issued by the Authority under any law relating to the certification of aerodromes subsequent to the acceptance and approval of the aerodrome manual;

means the limits of usability of an aerodrome for—

• (a)take off, expressed in terms of Runway Visual Range (RVR) or visibility and, if necessary, cloud conditions;
• (b)landing in precision approach and landing operations, expressed in terms of visibility or RVR and decision altitude or height (DA/H) as appropriate to the category of the operation;
• (c)landing in approach and landing operations with vertical guidance, expressed in terms of visibility or RVR and decision altitude or height (DA/H); and
• (d)landing in non-precision approach and landing operations, expressed in terms of visibility or runway visual range, minimum descent altitude or height (MDA/H) and, if necessary, cloud conditions;

means a person that holds an aerodrome certificate or an aerodrome registration approval authorising the person to operate an aerodrome;

means the designated geographical location of the aerodrome;

means a form of approval given to an aerodrome either, for a land aerodrome for aeroplanes, by the Authority, for a water aerodrome by its inclusion in an aircraft operator's operations manual or for a heliport by its inclusion in the helicopter operator's operations manual;

means all traffic on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome and all aircraft flying in, or entering or leaving an aerodrome traffic circuit;

means the airspace around an aerodrome for the protection of aerodrome traffic and, unless otherwise specified, includes the airspace within a horizontal radius of 8 kilometres from the aerodrome reference point and extending from the surface to 3,000 feet above the elevation of the aerodrome;

means any light specifically provided as an aid to air navigation, other than a light displayed on an aircraft;

means a publication issued by Airports Fiji and containing aeronautical information of a lasting character essential to air navigation;

means a service established within a defined area of coverage responsible for the provision of aeronautical information and data necessary for the safety, regularity and efficiency of air navigation;

means, unless the context otherwise requires, a mobile service between aeronautical stations and aircraft stations, or between aircraft stations, in which survival craft stations may participate; emergency position indicating radio-beacon stations may also participate in this service on designated distress and emergency frequencies or a mobile service reserved for communications relating to safety and regularity of flight, primarily along national or international civil air routes;

means a land radio station in the aeronautical mobile service established for the purpose of assisting aircraft, or a radio station placed on board a ship or on an earth satellite;

means a power driven heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed under given conditions of flight;

means any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from reactions in the air other than the reactions of the air against the earth's surface but, in Part 3 of these Regulations, aircraft includes an aircraft set out in column 4 of the following table—

includes air traffic services, aeronautical telecommunication service, meteorological service for air navigation, search and rescue and aeronautical information service;

means Airports Fiji Limited, as that company exists from time to time (even if the name is later changed);

means a power driven lighter-than-air aircraft;

means all aircraft in flight or operating on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome;

means authorisation by an air traffic control unit for an aircraft to proceed under conditions specified by that unit, and “clearance” prefixed by the words “taxi”, “take off”, “en route”, “approach” or “landing” shall be construed accordingly;

means a service provided for the purpose of—

• (a)preventing collisions—
  • (i)between aircraft; or
  • (ii)on the manoeuvring area between aircraft and obstructions; and
• (b)expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic;

means an area control centre, approach control unit or aerodrome control tower;

is a generic term meaning flight information services, alerting services, air traffic advisory services, air traffic control services (area control services, approach control services or aerodrome control services);

means a route for channelling the flow of traffic as necessary for the provision of air traffic services;

means a unit established for the purpose of receiving reports concerning air traffic services and flight plans submitted before departure;

is a generic term meaning air traffic control unit, flight information centre or air traffic services reporting office;

means an undertaking involving the transport by air of passengers, cargo or mail for remuneration or hire;

means a control area or portion thereof established in the form of a corridor;

means a service provided to notify appropriate organisations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid and assist such organisations as required;

means an aerodrome to which an aircraft may proceed when it becomes either impossible or inadvisable to proceed to or land at the aerodrome of intended landing, and includes the following corresponding definitions—

• (a)take off alternate means an alternate aerodrome at which an aircraft can land should this become necessary shortly after take off and it is not possible to use the aerodrome of departure;
• (b)en route alternate means an aerodrome at which an aircraft would be able to land after experiencing an abnormal or emergency condition while en route;
• (c)destination alternate means an alternate aerodrome to which an aircraft may proceed should it become either impossible or inadvisable to land at the aerodrome of intended landing;
• (d)ETOPS en route alternate means a suitable and appropriate alternate aerodrome, including arrival and departure aerodromes, at which an aeroplane would be able to land after experiencing an engine shut down or other abnormal or emergency condition while en route in an ETOPS operation;

means the vertical distance of a level, a point or an object considered as a point, measured from mean sea level;

means an aircraft that is capable of taking off and landing on land and on water;

means a unit established to provide air traffic control service to controlled flights arriving at, or departing from, one or more aerodromes;

means air traffic control service for arriving or departing controlled flights;

in relation to endorsement by the Authority, means acceptable to the Authority,

means a defined area on a land aerodrome, intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes of loading or unloading passengers, mail or cargo, fuelling, parking or maintenance;

means a unit which provides air traffic control service to controlled flights in control areas under its jurisdiction;

means air traffic control service for controlled flights in control areas;

means any suitably qualified person authorised in writing by the Authority to exercise any of the functions of an authorised person under the Act and its regulations;

means the Civil Aviation Authority of Fiji established under the Civil Aviation Authority of Fiji Act 1979;

means any licence, certificate, permit, approval, ratings and privileges issued or granted by the Authority under these Regulations;

means a non power driven lighter-than-air aircraft;

means the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment 2001 and its protocol and any amendment of that Convention and its protocol made in accordance with that Convention;

means any property carried in an aircraft other than mail, stores and accompanied or mishandled baggage;

in relation to weather, means the height above the ground or water of the base of the lowest layer of cloud below 6000 metres (20,000 feet) covering more than half the sky;

means an aerodrome appropriately issued with an aerodrome certificate authorising the aerodrome operator to use the aerodrome for the purposes specified in the aerodrome certificate;

means a certificate of registration issued by the Authority pursuant to regulation 4;

means the point at which an aircraft navigating on an ATS route segment defined by reference to very high frequency omnidirectional radio ranges is expected to transfer its primary navigational reference from the facility behind the aircraft to the next facility ahead of the aircraft, being the point which provides the optimum balance in respect of signal strength and quality between facilities at all levels to be used and to ensure a common source of azimuth guidance for all aircraft operating along the same portion of a route segment;

means a flight, operated on an “as and when required” basis, where the entire aircraft capacity is hired or purchased privately by one or more entities, which may resell to the public, for carriage from one place to another or returning to the place of departure;

means the Convention on International Civil Aviation concluded at Chicago on 7 December 1944, as amended;

see definition of Air traffic control clearance;

means the point to which an aircraft is granted an air traffic control clearance;

see definition of commercial air transport operation;

means an aircraft operation involving the transport of passengers, cargo or mail for remuneration or hire;

in relation to a city, town or settlement, means any area which is substantially used for residential, industrial, commercial or recreational purposes;

means any state (including Fiji) which is a party to the Convention on International Civil Aviation concluded at Chicago on 7 December 1944;

means a controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the earth;

means an aerodrome at which air traffic control service is provided to aerodrome traffic;

means an airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided in accordance with the air space classification;

means any flight which is subject to an air traffic control clearance;

means a controlled flight conducted in accordance with the Visual Flight Rules;

means the controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the earth to a specified upper limit;

means a licensed pilot serving in any other capacity (other than as pilot-in-command) but does not include a pilot who is on board the aircraft for the sole purpose of receiving flight instruction;

means a person assigned by the aircraft operator for duty on an aircraft during a flight duty period;

means an aeroplane cruising technique resulting in a net increase in altitude as the aeroplane mass decreases;

means a level maintained by an aircraft during a significant portion of a flight;

means the flight plan, including changes, if any, brought about by subsequent clearances;

means the airspace of defined dimensions within which activities dangerous to the flight of aircraft may exist at specified times;

means a minimum altitude or height in a precision approach at which a missed approach must be initiated if the required visual reference to continue the approach has not been established;

means the maximum mass at which the aircraft, for structural design purposes, is assumed to be planned to be at the start of the take off run;

means any part of an aerodrome or any building on an aerodrome designated, by a notice signed by an aerodrome operator and posted on or near the entry points to such part of the aerodrome or building to which it is applicable, so as to be readily seen and read by members of the public, as an area restricted to any person or class of persons;

in relation to any aircraft crew member means the undertaking on behalf of the operator of the aircraft, of any flight (whether as passenger or crew) or of any function (whether or not in flight) on or in connection therewith;

the time during which a flight crew member carries out any duty at the behest of the flight crew member's employer;

means the vertical distance of a point or a level, on or affixed to the surface of the earth measured from mean sea level;

means the distance from the point on the surface of the aerodrome at which the aircraft can commence its take off run to the nearest point in the direction of take off at which the aircraft cannot roll over the surface of the aerodrome and be brought to rest in an emergency without the risk of accident;

means extended twin engine operations;

, in relation to any arriving aircraft, means the time at which ATC expects that an arriving aircraft, following a delay, will leave the holding point to complete its approach for a landing;

means the flight plan as filed with an ATS unit by the pilot of an aircraft or his or her designated representative, without any subsequent changes;

means that an aircraft shall be deemed to be in flight—

• (a)in the case of an airship or free balloon, from the moment when it first becomes detached from the surface until the moment then it next becomes attached thereto or comes to rest thereon;
• (b)in the case of any other aircraft, from the moment the aircraft first moves for the purpose of taking off until the moment it comes to rest at the end of the flight;

and to fly has a corresponding meaning;

means a licensed crew member charged with duties essential to the operation of the aircraft during a flight duty period;

means the total time from the moment a flight crew member commences duty, immediately subsequent to a rest period and with the intention of making a flight or series of flights, to the moment the flight crew member is relieved of all duties;

means a unit established to provide flight information service and alerting service;

means an airspace of defined dimensions within which flight information service and alerting service are provided;

means a service provided for the purpose of giving advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights;

means a surface of constant atmospheric pressure which is related to a specific pressure datum, 1013.2 hectopascals (hPa), and is separated from other such surfaces by specific pressure intervals;

means specified information communicated to air traffic services units, relative to an intended flight or portion of an intended flight of an aircraft;

means any one of the following apparatus in which flight conditions are simulated on the ground—

• (a)a flight simulator, which provides an accurate representation of the flight deck of a particular aircraft to the extent that mechanical, electrical, electronic, etc aircraft systems control functions, the normal environment of the flight crew members, and the performance and flight characteristics of that type of aircraft are realistically simulated;
• (b)a flight procedures trainer, which provides a realistic flight deck environment, and which simulates instrument responses, simple control functions of that mechanical, electrical electronic, etc aircraft systems, and the performance and flight characteristics of aircraft of a particular class;
• (c)a basic instrument flight trainer, which is equipped with appropriate instruments, and which simulates the flight deck environment of an aircraft in flight in instrument flight conditions;

means the total time from the moment an aircraft first moves for the purpose of taking-off until the moment it comes to rest at the end of the flight;

means the visibility forward from the cockpit of an aircraft in flight;

See definition of flight;

means a non power driven heavier-than-air aircraft which derives its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed under given conditions of flight;

means the visibility at an aerodrome, as reported by an accredited observer;

means a heavier-than-air aircraft supported in flight by the reactions of the air on one or more rotors which rotate freely on substantially vertical axes;

means an aircraft deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic forces;

means a heavier-than-air aircraft supported in flight chiefly by the reactions of the air on one or more power driven rotors on substantially vertical axes;

means the direction in which the longitudinal axis of an aircraft is pointed, usually expressed in degrees from North (true, magnetic, compass or grid);

means the vertical distance of a level, a point or an object considered as a point, measured from a specified datum; when referring to an aircraft, the height will be measured from the lowest part of the aircraft;

means a flight conducted in accordance with the Instrument Flight Rules;

means an occurrence other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft which affects or could affect the safety of operation;

means the period of time during which a flight crew member is relieved in flight of his or her duties at the controls by another suitably qualified flight crew member;

means a series of predetermined manoeuvres by reference to flight instruments with specified protection from obstacles from the initial approach fix, or where applicable, from the beginning of a defined arrival route to a point from which a landing can be completed and thereafter, if a landing is not completed, to a position at which holding or en route obstacle clearance criteria apply;

means a set of rules governing the conduct of flight under instrument meteorological conditions;

means the meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud and ceiling, less than the minima specified for Visual Meteorological Conditions;

, in relation to aircraft, includes alighting on the water;

means that part of a movement area intended for the landing or take off of aircraft;

means the distance from the point on the surface of the aerodrome above which the aircraft can commence its landing, having regard to the obstructions in its approach path, to the nearest point in the direction of landing at which the surface of the aerodrome is incapable of bearing the weight of the aircraft under normal operating conditions or at which there is an obstacle capable of affecting the safety of the aircraft;

refers generally to the vertical position of an aircraft in flight and meaning variously, height, altitude or flight level;

means any device designed to support a person individually in or on the water;

means any aircraft supported chiefly by its buoyancy in the air;

means the procedures applied at an aerodrome for the purpose of ensuring safe operations during Category 2 and 3 approaches and low visibility take-offs;

means that part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off and landing of aircraft and for the surface movement of aircraft associated with take-off and landing, excluding any apron;

means the maximum permissible take-off mass of the aircraft according to the certificate of airworthiness, the flight manual or other official document;

means the maximum total weight of the aircraft and its contents at which the aircraft may take off, in the most favourable circumstances in accordance with the certificate of airworthiness in force in respect of the aircraft;

means a flight for the sole purposes of saving a person in a life threatening situation;

means an aircraft object of a category to which Article 2 of the Cape Town Convention applies;

means that part of an aerodrome to be used for take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, consisting of the manoeuvring area and the apron;

means the length equal to 1852 metres;

means the time between 15 minutes after sunset and 15 minutes before sunrise, sunset and sunrise being determined at the surface;

means shown in any of the following publications issued by or on behalf of the Authority, whether before or after the coming into force of these Regulations, that is to say, ‘NOTAMS’ (Notices to Airmen), Information Circulars, Aeronautical Information Publications or any other official publication issued for the purpose of enabling any of the provisions of these Regulations to be complied with;

means an accident or an incident;

means the exercise, by an individual or an organisation, of authority over the initiation, continuation, diversion, termination or cancellation of a flight or series of flights in the interest of the safety of the aircraft and the regularity and efficiency of the flight;

means a manual containing procedures, instructions and guidance for use by operational personnel in the performance of their duties;

means a person who exercises operational control over an aircraft;

means the pilot designated by the operator or owner, as being in command and charged with the safe conduct of a flight;

means an aircraft provided with means of maintaining in any compartment a pressure greater than that of the surrounding atmosphere;

means any flight operation that does not involve payment or remuneration in exchange for the flight operation;

means the airspace of specified dimensions, above the land areas or territorial waters of Fiji within which the flight of aircraft is prohibited;

means the Aircraft Protocol to the Cape Town Convention;

has the meaning assigned to it in subregulation (6);

an aircraft flying, or intended by the operator of the aircraft to fly, for the purpose of public transport;

means an authorisation entered on or associated with a licence and forming part thereof, stating special conditions, privileges or limitations pertaining to such licence;

means a flight operation for leisure that may involve the payment or remuneration in exchange for the flight operation but excludes any scheduled flight, charter flight and training flight;

(RNP) means a statement of the navigation performance necessary for operation within a defined airspace;

means the aircraft register referred to in regulation 6;

means the person in whose name an aircraft is registered under regulation 4, or in the case of an aircraft registered in another country, under the law of that country;

in relation to any part of an aircraft or its equipment includes the removal and replacement of that part whether or not by the same part, and whether or not any work is done on it, but does not include the removal and replacement of a part which is designed to be removable solely for the purpose of enabling another part to be inspected, repaired, removed or replaced or cargo to be loaded or unloaded;

means the specified geographical location in relation to which the position of an aircraft can be reported;

means any period of time on the ground during which a flight crew member is relieved of all duties by the operator;

means the airspace of specified dimensions, above the land areas or territorial waters of Fiji, within which the flight of aircraft is restricted in accordance with certain specified conditions so notified;

means a power driven heavier-than-air aircraft supported in flight by the reactions of the air on one or more rotors;

means the Rules contained in Part 6;

means a defined and prepared area at a land aerodrome provided for the landing and take-off of aircraft;

means the range over which the pilot of an aircraft on the centre line of a runway can see the runway surface markings or the lights delineating the runway or identifying its centre line;

means an unavoidable forced landing or ditching with a reasonable expectancy of no injuries to persons in the aircraft or on the surface;

means a systemic approach to managing safety, including the necessary organisational structures, accountabilities, policies and procedures;

means an aeroplane equipped with floats or other devices enabling it to land and take-off from the surface of water;

means a VFR flight cleared by air traffic control to operate within a control zone in meteorological conditions below VMC;

, in relation to an aircraft, means specified in, or ascertainable by reference to—

• (a)the certificate of airworthiness in force in respect of that aircraft; or
• (b)the flight or operations manual or performance schedule included in that certificate, or other document, whatever its title, incorporated by reference in that certificate;

means either the distance from the point on the surface of the aerodrome at which the aircraft can commence its take-off run to the nearest obstacle in the direction of take-off projecting above the surface of the aerodrome and capable of affecting the safety of the aircraft or one and one half times the take-off run available, whichever is the lesser;

means the distance from the point on the surface of the aerodrome at which the aircraft can commence its take-off run to the nearest point in the direction of take-off at which the surface at the aerodrome is incapable of bearing the weight of the aircraft under normal operating conditions;

means a defined path on a land aerodrome established for the taxiing of aircraft and intended to provide a link between one part of the aerodrome and another including—

• (a)aircraft standby taxilane, which is a portion of an apron designated as a taxiway and intended to provide access to aircraft stands only;
• (b)apron taxiway, which is a portion of a taxiway system located on an apron and intended to provide a through taxi route across the apron;
• (c)rapid exit taxiway, which is a taxiway connected to a runway at an acute angle and designed to allow landing aeroplanes to turn off at higher speeds than are achieved on other exit taxiways thereby minimising runway occupancy times;

means a control area established at the confluence of ATS routes in the vicinity of one or more major aerodromes;

means the projection on the earth's surface of the path of an aircraft, the direction of which path at any given point is usually expressed in degrees measured from North (true, magnetic or grid);

means a notified defined point located along the flight path of an aircraft, at which the responsibility for providing air traffic control service to the aircraft is transferred from one air traffic control unit or control position to the next;

means the altitude at or below which the vertical position of an aircraft is controlled by reference to altitudes;

means a flight conducted in accordance with the Visual Flight Rules;

means the ability, as determined by atmospheric conditions and expressed in units of distance, to see and identify prominent unlighted objects by day and prominent lighted objects by night;

means an approach by an IFR flight when either part or all of an instrument approach procedure is not completed and the approach is executed in visual reference to terrain;

means the requirements for visual flight contained in Part 6;

means meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud and ceiling, equal to or better than the specified minima.